CD86 is a gene that encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily ^[1] . It is expressed by antigen-presenting cells and is the ligand for two proteins at the cell surface of T cells, CD28 antigen and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 ^[2].
CD86 is constitutively expressed on interdigitating DCs, Langerhans cells, peripheral blood DCs, memory B cells, and germinal center B cells, and macrophages ^[3].

CD86 is also associated with diseases such as Plague and Cowpox ^[4].

CD80 and CD86 expressed by antigen-presenting cells have different structural organizations, with CD80 being a bivalent dimer and CD86 being a monomer ^[5].

1, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD86

2, https://www.thermofisher.com/antibody/primary/target/cd86

3, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cd86

4, https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD86

5, https://www.cell.com/trends/immunology/fulltext/S1471-4906(03)00111-X

CD80 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is part of the Ig superfamily and can be found on dendritic cells, activated B-cells, macrophages and T-cells[1]. Its role includes promoting T-cell activation, regulating normal and malignant B-cells[2], as well as serving as an activation marker of Th17 cells[3].

Recent research has shown that targeting the CD80/86 axis could be a promising strategy for dampening excessive inflammation[4]. Furthermore, targeting this pathway could potentially have therapeutic applications in treating several autoimmune disorders, such as multiple sclerosis or rheumatoid arthritis, which involve pro-inflammatory mediators [5].

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/cd80

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD80

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC416533/

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-020-0306-5

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-90797-0

1, https://www.verywellhealth.com/cd20-cd-marker-2252140
2, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33563755/
3, https://neurology.testcatalog.org/show/CD20B
4, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD20
5, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/cd20