Cytokines are tiny proteins that are secreted by cells. These proteins have a unique effect on the connections and communications that take place between cells.

Cytokines and chronic Inflammation

Chronic inflammation typically involves an imbalance of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Prolonged disruptions in this balance lead to the development of diseases such as rheumatoid and osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Thus highlighting the need to decipher the mechanisms and intercalated network of cytokines involved in chronic inflammation.

Disruption in levels of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines, like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β are primarily responsible for chronic inflammation. Several of these inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-10, have been shown to participate in chronic inflammatory-associated tumor development. The presence of high levels of the C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the employed blood tests to detect systemic inflammation.

Currently, cytokine therapies can be used to treat chronic inflammatory disorders but are not widely applicable. Investigation for new and enhanced treatments is continued to combat this challenge.

Cytokines and Diet

Chronic dietary deficits have a deleterious effect on the immune response, including a reduction in the generation and activation of cytokines.

Eating a diet high in oleic acid containing foods can help manage positive T cell response to inflammation.