[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” content_placement=”top” woodmart_bg_position=”right-top” row_reverse_mobile=”1″ row_reverse_tablet=”1″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”1″ css=”.vc_custom_1539348987196{padding-top: 8vh !important;padding-bottom: 4vh !important;background-image: url(https://aiun.ltd/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/motorcycle-hotspot-background.jpg) !important;background-position: 0 0 !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;}” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1535720256088{margin-bottom: 4vh !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-8 vc_col-md-7″][woodmart_image_hotspot img=”4945″ img_size=”full”][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”53.358||88.164″ title=”Tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNFα” link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/immune-system-components/tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha-or-tnf%ce%b1/”]Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, cachexin, or cachectin; once named as tumor necrosis factor alpha or TNFα) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction. It is produced chiefly by activated macrophages, although it can be produced by many other cell types such as CD4+ lymphocytes, NK cells, neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and neurons.^[5] TNF is a member of the TNF superfamily, consisting of various transmembrane proteins with a homologous TNF domain.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”41.304||68.675″ title=”ICAM-1″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Ficam-1%2F|title:ICAM-1||”]ICAM-1 also known as CD54 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”41.486||57.349″ title=”VCAM-1″ link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/vcam-1/”]Vascular cell adhesion protein 1 also known as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 or cluster of differentiation 106 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VCAM1 gene. VCAM-1 functions as a cell adhesion molecule[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”25.725||66.024″ title=”LFA-1″ link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/lfa-1/”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”26.268||74.217″ title=”VLA-4″ link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/vla-4/”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”26.087||82.410″ title=”MaC-1″ link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/mac-1/”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”11.413||89.880″ title=”Chemokines” link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/chemokines/”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”81.341||63.373″ title=”STAT 1″ link_text=”https://aiun.ltd/stat-1/”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”80.978||67.229″ title=”MHC-1″][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”60.688||84.337″ title=”Nitric Oxide”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”85.688||74.458″ title=”Cathespin”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”84.783||77.349″ title=”HSP 70-90″][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”82.428||84.337″ title=”NCAM”][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”86.413||91.566″ title=”MxA”]The human MxA protein is part of the antiviral state induced by alpha/beta interferon MxA inhibits the multiplication of several RNA viruses in cell[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”5.435||58.795″ title=”Cytokines”]Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins that are important in cell signaling. Cytokines are peptides, and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells to enter the cytoplasm. Cytokines have been shown to be involved in autocrine, paracrine and endocrine signaling as immunomodulating agents.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” title=”MAC”]The membrane-attack complex (MAC) forms transmembrane channels. These channels disrupt the cell membrane of target cells, leading to cell lysis and death.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”35.688||48.675″ title=”M1-2″]Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” title=”C3b NEO” hotspot=”46.377||39.759″]The MAC and the immune complex-specific C3bNEO fragment are deposited on the endomysial capillaries early in the disease and lead sequentially to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” title=”C3a” hotspot=”7.790||48.193″]C3a is a 77 residue anaphylatoxin that binds to the C3a receptor (C3aR), a class A G protein-coupled receptor. It plays a large role in the immune response.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” title=”TGF-b”]Transforming growth factor beta is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the transforming growth factor superfamily that includes three different mammalian isoforms and many other signaling proteins.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”52.717||71.566″ title=”B cells”]B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the small lymphocyte subtype. They function in the humoral immunity component of the adaptive immune system by secreting antibodies[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”79.710||88.193″ title=”Mi-1″]The Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”53.442||22.892″ title=”Endothelial cell wall”]Endothelium refers to cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.[/woodmart_hotspot][/woodmart_image_hotspot][vc_empty_space height=”6vh” woodmart_hide_large=”0″ woodmart_hide_medium=”0″ woodmart_hide_small=”0″ woodmart_hide_extra_small=”0″][/vc_column][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1535720261744{margin-bottom: 4vh !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-4 vc_col-md-5 vc_col-xs-12″][woodmart_responsive_text_block size=”custom” font_weight=”600″ color_scheme=”light” align=”left” css=”.vc_custom_1539595667890{margin-bottom: 15px !important;}” woodmart_css_id=”5bc45d8c5aadf” text_font_size=”eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zaXplIiwiY3NzX2FyZ3MiOnsiZm9udC1zaXplIjpbIiAud29vZG1hcnQtdGV4dC1ibG9jayJdfSwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI1YmM0NWQ4YzVhYWRmIiwiZGF0YSI6eyJkZXNrdG9wIjoiNDVweCIsInRhYmxldCI6IjMycHgiLCJtb2JpbGUiOiIyOHB4In19″ content_width=”100″]Together This Affords a Sporty Position.[/woodmart_responsive_text_block][woodmart_responsive_text_block font=”text” size=”custom” color_scheme=”light” align=”left” desktop_text_size=”14″ css=”.vc_custom_1536053818138{margin-bottom: 25px !important;}”]Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because occasionally circumstances toil.[/woodmart_responsive_text_block][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1540209170412{margin-right: -10px !important;margin-left: -10px !important;}” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1539349812585{margin-top: -8vh !important;margin-bottom: 6vh !important;padding-top: 0px !important;}” woodmart_parallax=”0″ parallax_scroll=”no” woodmart_sticky_column=”false”][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1539352179865{margin-bottom: 20px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-4 vc_col-md-4 vc_col-xs-12″][vc_video align=”center” poster_image=”3646″ image_poster_switch=”yes” img_size=”full” css=”.vc_custom_1539343713801{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/2″ css=”.vc_custom_1539352192339{margin-bottom: 20px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-4 vc_col-md-4 vc_col-xs-12″][vc_video align=”center” poster_image=”3646″ image_poster_switch=”yes” img_size=”full” css=”.vc_custom_1539343722747{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1/3″ css=”.vc_custom_1539352202225{margin-bottom: 20px !important;padding-top: 0px !important;padding-right: 10px !important;padding-left: 10px !important;}” offset=”vc_col-lg-4 vc_col-md-4 vc_hidden-sm vc_col-xs-12″][vc_video align=”center” poster_image=”3646″ image_poster_switch=”yes” img_size=”full” css=”.vc_custom_1539343731880{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”][/vc_column_inner][/vc_row_inner][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Dermatomyositis may be associated with celiac disease even in the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.” tab_id=”1581776528917-f0335080-cdfa”][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases related to statin therapy have been reported.” tab_id=”1581777190800-9218a065-0dad”][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Sodium thiosulfate for the treatment of Juvenile Dermatomyositis complicated by calcinosis” tab_id=”1581778397246-4b0ef946-0592″][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Tobacco smoking was associated with clinical and autoantibody phenotypes in Caucasians.” tab_id=”1581778721968-55668ac2-f74e”][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”A dermatomyositis-like syndrome has been linked to statin drug use.” tab_id=”1581778724103-7e8083ca-0a21″][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Creatine supplements combined with home exercises improve functional performance without significant adverse effects in patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis.” tab_id=”1581778867862-eabb7c70-1bc6″][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Fluvastatin-induced dermatomyositis has been reported.” tab_id=”1581779277876-e0774473-39ba”][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Hepatitis B vaccine associated with dermatomyositis has been reported.” tab_id=”1581779431459-844f61df-47a9″][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][vc_tta_accordion style=”modern” active_section=”1″ collapsible_all=”true”][vc_tta_section title=”Sodium Thiosulfate for Treatment of Calcinosis Associated With Juvenile and Adult Dermatomyositis” tab_id=”1581779824642-73d09535-1b58″][vc_column_text text_larger=”no”] [/vc_column_text][/vc_tta_section][/vc_tta_accordion][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” content_placement=”middle” woodmart_disable_overflow=”1″ css=”.vc_custom_1535543746090{margin-bottom: 8vh !important;padding-top: 8vh !important;padding-bottom: 4vh !important;background-image: url(https://aiun.ltd/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/wood-main-bg.jpg) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1530611754151{padding-top: 0px !important;}”][woodmart_responsive_text_block size=”custom” font_weight=”600″ color_scheme=”dark” content_width=”50″ css=”.vc_custom_1581781702522{margin-bottom: 35px !important;}” woodmart_css_id=”5e4812b24d599″ text_font_size=”eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zaXplIiwiY3NzX2FyZ3MiOnsiZm9udC1zaXplIjpbIiAud29vZG1hcnQtdGV4dC1ibG9jayJdfSwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI1ZTQ4MTJiMjRkNTk5IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJkZXNrdG9wIjoiNjRweCIsInRhYmxldCI6IjM4cHgiLCJtb2JpbGUiOiIzMnB4In19″ inline=”no”]Dermatomyositis cell pathogenesis.[/woodmart_responsive_text_block][/vc_column][vc_column width=”2/3″ offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-2″ css=”.vc_custom_1533116005031{padding-top: 0px !important;}” el_class=”z-index-100″][woodmart_image_hotspot img=”4998″ img_size=”full”][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”53.261||3.441″ title=”Antigen” link_text=”Antigen” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fantigen%2F|title:Antigen|target:%20_blank|”]A toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body, especially the production of antibodies.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”88.225||22.267″ title=”Clonal expansion” link_text=”Clonal expansion” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fclonal-expansion%2F|title:Clonal%20expansion%C2%A0||”] [/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”48.370||17.611″ title=”MCH” link_text=”MCH” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fmajor-histocompatibility-complex-mhc%2F|||”]The MHC molecules are glycoproteins encoded in a large cluster of genes located on chromosome 6. They were first identified by their potent effect on the immune response to transplanted tissue The principal function of the MHC is to present antigen to T cells to discriminate between self (our cells and tissues) and nonself (the invaders or modified self).[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot_dropdown_side=”top” hotspot=”10.145||65.789″ title=”T-cell receptor (TCR)” link_text=”T-cell receptor (TCR)” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Ft-cell-receptor-tcr%2F|title:T-cell%20receptor%C2%A0(TCR)||”]The T-cell receptor (TCR) is a molecule found on the surface of T cells, or T lymphocytes, that is responsible for recognizing fragments of antigen as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”22.464||61.943″ title=”CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28)” link_text=”CD28″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fcd28-cluster-of-differentiation-28%2F|title:CD28|target:%20_blank|”]CD28 (Cluster of Differentiation 28) is one of the proteins expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals required for T cell activation and survival. T cell stimulation through CD28 in addition to the T-cell receptor (TCR) can provide a potent signal for the production of various interleukins (IL-6 in particular).[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”34.420||61.943″ title=”CTLA-4″ link_text=”CTLA-4″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fctla-4%2F|title:CTLA-4%C2%A0||”]CTLA4 or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), also known as CD152 (cluster of differentiation 152), is a protein receptor that functions as an immune checkpoint and downregulates immune responses.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”50.725||47.166″ title=”CD8″ link_text=”CD8″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fcd8%2F|title:CD8|target:%20_blank|”]CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR).[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”34.420||38.866″ title=”Integrins” link_text=”Integrins” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fintegrins%2F|title:Integrins%C2%A0|target:%20_blank|”]Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion. Upon ligand binding, integrins activate signal transduction pathways that mediate cellular signals such as regulation of the cell cycle, organization of the intracellular cytoskeleton, and movement of new receptors to the cell membrane. The presence of integrins allows rapid and flexible responses to events at the cell surface (e.g. signal platelets to initiate an interaction with coagulation factors). Several types of integrins exist, and one cell may have multiple different types on its surface. Integrins are found in all animals while integrin-like receptors are found in plant cells. Integrins work alongside other proteins such as cadherins, the immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules, selectins and syndecans, to mediate cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction. Ligands for integrins include fibronectin, vitronectin, collagen and laminin.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”83.877||45.142″ title=”MMPs” link_text=”MMPs” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fmatrix-metalloproteinases%2F|title:MMPs%C2%A0|target:%20_blank|”]Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the main extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes in collagen degradation, as a target for anticancer drugs. The MMPs play an important role in tissue remodeling associated with various physiological or pathological processes such as morphogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue repair, cirrhosis, arthritis, and metastasis.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”51.630||58.502″ title=”LFA-1″ link_text=”LFA-1″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Flymphocyte-function-associated-antigen-1-lfa-1%2F|title:LFA-1|target:%20_blank|”]Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) is an integrin found on lymphocytes and other leukocytes.^[1] LFA-1 plays a key role in emigration, which is the process by which leukocytes leave the bloodstream to enter the tissues. LFA-1 also mediates firm arrest of leukocytes.^[2] Additionally, LFA-1 is involved in the process of cytotoxic T cell mediated killing as well as antibody mediated killing by granulocytes and monocytes.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”65.036||59.109″ title=”MMP-9″ link_text=”MMP-9″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fmmp-9%2F|title:MMP-9|target:%20_blank|”]Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), also known as 92 kDa type IV collagenase, 92 kDa gelatinase or gelatinase B (GELB), is a matrixin, a class of enzymes that belong to the zinc-metalloproteinases family involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”13.587||7.692″ title=”Macrophage” link_text=”Macrophage” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fmacrophage%2F|title:macrophage|target:%20_blank|”]A macrophage is a type of phagocyte, which is a cell responsible for detecting, engulfing and destroying pathogens and apoptotic cells. Macrophages are produced through the differentiation of monocytes, which turn into macrophages when they leave the blood.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”60.507||53.846″ title=”IFNγ” link_text=”IFNγ” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2F%3Fpage_id%3D5033%26preview%3Dtrue|title:IFN%CE%B3|target:%20_blank|”]Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. The existence of this interferon, which early in its history was known as immune interferon, was described by E. F. Wheelock as a product of human leukocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, and by others as a product of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”80.072||57.895″ title=”IL-2″ link_text=”IL-2″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2F%3Fpage_id%3D5034%26preview%3Dtrue|title:IL-2|target:%20_blank|”]Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system. It is a 15.5 – 16 kDa protein that regulates the activities of white blood cells (leukocytes, often lymphocytes) that are responsible for immunity. IL-2 is part of the body’s natural response to microbial infection, and in discriminating between foreign (“non-self”) and “self”. IL-2 mediates its effects by binding to IL-2 receptors, which are expressed by lymphocytes. The major sources of IL-2 are activated CD4⁺ T cells and activated CD8⁺ T cells.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”63.225||73.684″ title=”Perforin” link_text=”Perforin” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fperforin%2F|title:Perforin|target:%20_blank|”]Perforin is a pore forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells). Upon degranulation, perforin binds to the target cell’s plasma membrane, and oligomerises in a Ca2+ dependent manner to form pores on the target cell.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”29.529||41.903″ title=”Chemokines” link_text=”Chemokines” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2F%3Fpage_id%3D5038%26preview%3Dtrue|title:Chemokines%C2%A0|target:%20_blank|”]Chemokines (Greek -kinos, movement) are a family of small cytokines, or signaling proteins secreted by cells. Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”87.862||87.045″ title=”Necrosis” link_text=”Necrosis” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fnecrosis%2F|title:Necrosis%C2%A0|target:%20_blank|”] [/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”33.877||70.445″ title=”BB1″ link_text=”BB1 monoclonal antibodies”]BB1 monoclonal antibodies[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”57.246||72.672″ title=”MMP-2″ link_text=”MMP-2″ link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fmmp-2%2F|title:MMP-2|target:%20_blank|”]72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene.^[5] The MMP2 gene is located on chromosome 16 at position 12.2[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”42.572||94.130″ img_size=”TAP” link_text=”TAP” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2F%3Fpage_id%3D5049%26preview%3Dtrue|title:TAP|target:%20_blank|”]Transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) protein complex belongs to the ATP-binding-cassette transporter family.^[1] It delivers cytosolic peptides into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they bind to nascent MHC class I molecules[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”31.703||97.773″ title=”ER” link_text=”ER” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fthe-endoplasmic-reticulum-er%2F|title:ER|target:%20_blank|”]The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle made up of two subunits – rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The endoplasmic reticulum is found in most eukaryotic cells and forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs known as cisternae (in the RER), and tubular structures in the SER. The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum is not found in red blood cells, or spermatozoa.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”56.341||77.126″ title=”Calnexin” link_text=”Calnexin” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fcalnexin%2F|title:Calnexin|target:%20_blank|”]Calnexin is a chaperone, characterized by assisting protein folding and quality control, ensuring that only properly folded and assembled proteins proceed further along the secretory pathway. It specifically acts to retain unfolded or unassembled N-linked glycoproteins in the ER.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”73.188||60.931″ title=”IL-1α” link_text=”IL-1α” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Finterleukin-1-alpha-il-1%25ce%25b1%2F|title:IL-1%CE%B1|target:%20_blank|”]Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1α) also known as hematopoietin 1 is a cytokine of the interleukin 1 family that in humans is encoded by the IL1A gene. In general, Interleukin 1 is responsible for the production of inflammation, as well as the promotion of fever and sepsis. IL-1α inhibitors are being developed to interrupt those processes and treat diseases.[/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_type=”text” hotspot=”22.464||47.773″ title=”MIG” link_text=”MIG” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Faiun.ltd%2Fmig%2F|title:MIG|target:%20_blank|”]MIG, a member of the CXC subfamily of chemokines is an inflammatory chemokine that is important in the recruitment of activated T-cells to sites of infection. MIG enhances Th1 and Th2 polarization, attracting Th1 cells and inhibiting Th2 migration.[/woodmart_hotspot][/woodmart_image_hotspot][/vc_column][/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” content_placement=”middle” woodmart_disable_overflow=”1″ css=”.vc_custom_1535543746090{margin-bottom: 8vh !important;padding-top: 8vh !important;padding-bottom: 4vh !important;background-image: url(https://aiun.ltd/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/wood-main-bg.jpg) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1530611754151{padding-top: 0px !important;}”][woodmart_responsive_text_block size=”custom” font_weight=”600″ color_scheme=”dark” content_width=”50″ desktop_text_size=”64″ tablet_text_size=”38″ mobile_text_size=”32″ css=”.vc_custom_1530782250887{margin-bottom: 35px !important;}”]The Best Choice For A Winter Ride.[/woodmart_responsive_text_block][/vc_column][vc_column width=”2/3″ offset=”vc_col-sm-offset-2″ css=”.vc_custom_1533116005031{padding-top: 0px !important;}” el_class=”z-index-100″][woodmart_image_hotspot img=”5853″ woodmart_color_scheme=”light” img_size=”full”][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”85.413||37.684″ product_id=”53″][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”58.509||6.985″ product_id=”53″][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_dropdown_side=”right” hotspot=”33.874||34.926″ product_id=”53″][/woodmart_hotspot][woodmart_hotspot hotspot_dropdown_side=”top” hotspot=”11.507||62.684″ product_id=”53″][/woodmart_hotspot][/woodmart_image_hotspot][/vc_column][/vc_row]